|
Geoffrey II (23 September 1158 – 19 August 1186) was Duke of Brittany and 3rd Earl of Richmond between 1181 and 1186, through his marriage with the heiress Constance. Geoffrey was the fourth son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine.〔(Britannica Online )〕 ==Life== He was a younger maternal half-brother of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France. He was a younger brother of Count William, Henry the Young, Duchess Matilda, and King Richard. He was also an older brother of Queen Eleanor, Queen Joan and Prince John. He was also the half-brother of his father's illegitimate sons Archbishop Geoffrey, Earl William Longespée, and Bishop Morgan, provost of Beverley Minster. He was named after his grandfather, Geoffrey V of Anjou. King Henry arranged for Geoffrey to marry Constance, the heiress of Brittany as part of a diplomatic agreement to end his attacks on Constance's father, Conan IV, Duke of Brittany. Geoffrey was invested with the duchy, and he and Constance were married in July 1181.〔Warren, Wilfred Lewis, ''King John'', (University of California Press, 1973), 574.〕 Geoffrey's father Henry had begun to alter his policy of indirect rule in Brittany and started to exert more direct control.〔Everard (2000), pp.41–42.〕 Henry had been at war with Conan IV until they reached a settlement. Local Breton nobles rebelled against Conan, who now sought Henry II's help. In 1164 Henry intervened to seize lands along the border of Brittany and Normandy, and in 1166 invaded Brittany to punish the local barons.〔Everard (2000), p.42.〕 Henry then forced Conan to abdicate as duke and to give Brittany to his daughter Constance; Constance was handed over and betrothed to Henry's son Geoffrey.〔 This arrangement was quite unusual in terms of medieval law, as Conan might have had sons who could have legitimately inherited the duchy. These growing tensions between Henry and Louis VII of France finally spilled over into open war in 1167, triggered by a trivial argument over how money destined for the Crusader states of the Levant should be collected. Louis allied himself with the Welsh, Scots and Bretons and the French king attacked Normandy.〔Dunbabin, p.59.〕 Henry responded by attacking Chaumont-sur-Epte, where Louis kept his main military arsenal, burning the town to the ground and forcing Louis to abandon his allies and make a private truce.〔Dunbabin, p.59; Warren (2000), p.106.〕 Henry was then free to move against the rebel barons in Brittany, where feelings about his seizure of the duchy were still running high.〔Everard (2000), pp.45–46.〕 Geoffrey was fifteen years old when he joined the first revolt against his father. He later reconciled to Henry in 1174 when he participated in the truce at Gisors Geoffrey prominently figured in the second revolt of 1183, fighting against Richard, on behalf of Henry the Young King. Geoffrey was a good friend of Prince Philip of France, and the two statesmen were frequently in alliance against King Henry. Geoffrey spent much time at Philip's court in Paris, and Philip made him his seneschal. There is evidence to suggest that Geoffrey was planning another rebellion with Philip's help during his final period in Paris in the summer of 1186. As a participant in so many rebellions against his father, Geoffrey acquired a reputation for treachery. Gerald of Wales wrote the following of him: "He has more aloes than honey in him; his tongue is smoother than oil; his sweet and persuasive eloquence has enabled him to dissolve the firmest alliances and by his powers of language able to corrupt two kingdoms; of tireless endeavour, a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler."〔Dan Jones, "The Plantagenets", p.102〕 Geoffrey also was known to attack monasteries and churches in order to raise funds for his campaigns. This lack of reverence for religion earned him the displeasure of the Church, and as a consequence of the majority of chroniclers who wrote about his life. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|